Business English Assignment 4

Nama : Tertiera Nurariefani Azizah
NPM : 19210435
Kelas : 4EA18

“Verb Complements”

What is a verb complement?

A verb complement is the arrangement of one verb as the object of another verb. This happens three ways in English:

1.      With infinitives

·         I asked her to leave.

·         I wanted to leave.

·         I helped him to leave.

·         I stopped for the child to cross the street.

2.      With gerunds

·         I considered leaving the job.

·         I regretted his leaving the job.

·         They decided on leaving.

3.      With noun clauses

·         I insisted that he leave.

·         I wondered why he left..

·         She acknowledged that she had left the job.

·         He didn’t know that she had left.

·         She decided when she would leave.

“Verb + Preposition Followed By Gerund”

Verb + Preposition

Exception: to

Here we use the phrase: looking forward to + Gerund

Example:
I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.

We use the Gerund after the following phrases:
accuse of	They were accused of breaking into a shop.
agree with	I agree with playing darts.
apologize for	They apologize for being late.
believe in	She doesn't believe in getting lost in the wood.
blame for	The reporter is blamed for writing bad stories.
complain about	She complains about bullying.
concentrate on	Do you concentrate on reading or writing?
congratulate sb. on	I wanted to congratulate you on making such a good speech.
cope with	He is not sure how to cope with getting older.
decide against	They decided against stealing the car.
depend on	Success may depend on becoming more patient.
dream about/of	Sue dreams of being a pop star.
feel like	They feel like going to bed.
get used to	You must get used to working long hours.
insist on	The girls insisted on going out with Mark.
look forward to	I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.
prevent sb. from sth.	How can I prevent Kate from working in this shop?
rely on sth.	He doesn't rely on winning in the casino.
succeed in	How then can I succeed in learning chemistry?
specialize in	The firm specialized in designing websites.
stop sb. From	I stopped Andrew from smoking.
talk about/of	They often talk about travelling to New Zealand.
think of	Frank thinks of playing chess.
warn sb. against	We warned them against using this computer.
worry about	The patient worries about having the check-up.

“Adjective + Preposition Followed By Gerund”

Adjective + Preposition

We use the Gerund after the following phrases:
afraid of	They are afraid of losing the match.
angry about/at	Pat is angry about walking in the rain.
bad at good at	John is good at working in the garden.
clever at	He is clever at skateboarding.
crazy about	The girl is crazy about playing tennis.
disappointed about/at	He is disappointed about seeing such a bad report.
excited about	We are excited about making our own film.
famous for	Sandy is famous for singing songs.
fed up with	I'm fed up with being treated as a child.
fond of	Hannah is fond of going to parties.
glad about	She is glad about getting married again.
happy about/at	The children are not happy about seeing a doctor.
interested in	Are you interested in writing poems?
keen on	Joe is keen on drawing.
proud of	She is proud of riding a snowboard.
sick of	We're sick of sitting around like this.
sorry about/for	He's sorry for eating in the lesson.
tired of	I'm tired of waiting for you.
used to	She is used to smoking.
worried about	I'm worried about making mistakes.

Resources :

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/gerund_prepositions_adjectives.htm

http://public.wsu.edu/~mejia/Verb_3.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/gerund_prepositions_verbs.htm

 

Business English Assignment 3

Nama : Tertiera Nurariefani Azizah
NPM : 19210435
Kelas : 4EA18
 

“What’s the difference? Present Perfect And Past Simple”

Present Perfect Simple	Past Simple
Unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present: I've known Julie for ten years (and I still know her).	Finished actions: I knew Julie for ten years (but then she moved away and we lost touch).
A finished action in someone's life (when the person is still alive: life experience): My brother has been to Mexico three times.	A finished action in someone's life (when the person is dead): My great-grandmother went to Mexico three times.
A finished action with a result in the present: I've lost my keys! (The result is that I can't get into my house now).	A finished action with no result in the present: I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible! (Now there is no result. I got new keys yesterday).
With an unfinished time word (this week, this month, today): I've seen John this week.	With a finished time word (last week, last month, yesterday): I saw John last week.

 

“What is subject verb agreement?”

Subject verb agreement refers to the fact that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number. In other words, they both must be singular or they both must be plural. You can’t have a singular subject with a plural verb or vice versa. The tricky part is in knowing the singular and plural forms of subjects and verbs.

Singular and plural subjects, or nouns, are usually pretty easy. In most cases the plural form of a noun has an “s” at the end. Like this:

·         Car – singular

·         Cars – plural

Verbs don’t follow this pattern, though. Adding an “s” to a verb doesn’t make a plural. Here’s what I mean:

·         Walk

·         Walks

Which one is the singular form and which is the plural form? Here’s a tip for you. Ask yourself which would you use with the word they and which would you use with he or she.

·         He walks.

·         She walks.

·         They walk.

Since he and she are singular pronouns walks is a singular verb. The word they is plural so walk is the plural form.

Here are some more guidelines for subject verb agreement.

1.      When two singular subjects are joined by the words or or nor a singular verb is in order.

·         My sister or my brother is meeting you at the airport.

2.      Two singular subjects joined by either/or or neither/nor also need a singular verb.

·         Neither Carla nor Jeff is available to meet you at the airport.

·         Either Angie or Jeff is meeting at the airport.

3.      When the word and connects two or more nouns or pronouns, use a plural verb.

·         She and her family are at Disney World.

4.      When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearer the verb.

·         The athlete or his teammates sprint every day.

·         His teammates or the athlete sprints every day.

5.      When a phrase comes between the subject and verb, the verb has to agree with the subject, not with the noun or pronoun in the phrase.

·         Two of the puppies are whimpering.

·         The birthday boy, along with his friends, is anxious for the party to stop.

6.      Since doesn’t is a contraction of does not it should be used with a singular subject.

·         Mary doesn’t care for pizza. 

·         Don’t is a contraction of do not and requires a plural subject.

·         They don’t know the way home.

7.      Each, either, each one, everyone, neither, everybody, anyone, anybody, somebody, nobody, someone, and no one are singular so they need a singular verb.

·         Each of the girls is qualified for the prize.

·         Neither knows how the competition will end.

8.      Sentences that begin with there is or there are have the subject following the verb since there is not a subject. Therefore, the verb must agree with what follows it.

·         There are many paths to success.

·         There is one road out of town.

Subject verb agreement doesn’t have to riddle your writing with errors. Simply follow the above rules and you’ll cut through a lot of the confusion that comes with getting your subject and verb to agree.

“Pronoun : Possessive Adjective & Possessive Pronoun”

Possessive pronouns and adjectives are two different  ways to show possession in English.

Examples:

• My dog is big.
• Her cat is brown.
• Their sister works downtown.

 

Examples:

• The dog is mine.
• The brown cat is hers.
• The car is ours.

Possessive adjectives go before the noun and possessive pronouns go after the noun.
Examples:

• This is my car.
• The car is mine.

• Is that your pen?
• Is that pen yours?

Here is a list of the possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns:

Possessive Adjectives	Possessive Pronouns
MY	MINE
YOUR	YOURS
HIS	HIS
HER	HERS
ITS	ITS
OUR	OURS
THEIR	THEIRS

Resources :

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-or-past-simple.html

http://www.k12reader.com/subject-verb-agreement/

http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/possessives.html